Tanjore painting originated in Thanjavur (Tanjore), Tamil Nadu, around the 16th century, during the rule of the Nayaka kings and later flourished under the Maratha rulers. Thanjavur was a major centre of temple culture, classical music, dance, and devotional art, making it a natural home for this sacred art form.
The rulers were great patrons of Hindu temples and encouraged artists to create paintings that reflected religious devotion and royal grandeur. These paintings were mainly created to adorn temple walls, palace halls, and prayer rooms, portraying Hindu gods and goddesses in a majestic and divine form.
The style was heavily influenced by:
South Indian temple architecture
Vijayanagara mural traditions
Maratha miniature painting elements
Local artisans, known as “Sthapathis” and “Chitrakars,” developed a unique technique using natural pigments, hand-made gesso, glass stones, and real gold foil. Over time, this evolved into the distinctive Tanjore style known for its raised relief work, rich colours, and luminous gold finish.
During the 18th and 19th centuries, Tanjore paintings became widely popular among households and devotees, not just royalty. The tradition was passed down through artist families, preserving its techniques through generations.


